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Identifying the specific type of dementia a person has is a vital step in accessing the right care and support to improve their quality of life. In the UK, approximately 944,000 people are currently living with dementia, with someone developing the condition every three minutes.
Dementia impacts memory, thinking, behaviour, and personality, but the way these symptoms appear can vary widely depending on the type. Gaining a clearer understanding of the different types of dementia allows individuals and their families to access personalised care that meets their unique needs.
Common types of dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, accounting for about 60–70% of cases.
It begins with mild memory loss and gradually affects language, problem-solving, and daily functioning.
Key symptoms:
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Difficulty remembering recent events.
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Repeating questions or statements.
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Disorientation about time or place.
Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)
Lewy body dementia is caused by abnormal protein deposits in the brain, affecting both cognitive and physical abilities.
Key symptoms:
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Visual hallucinations.
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Fluctuating attention and alertness.
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Movement problems, similar to Parkinson’s disease.
Mixed dementia
Mixed dementia combines two or more types, most commonly Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Symptoms vary depending on the dominant type.
Key symptoms:
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Memory loss alongside decision-making difficulties.
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Symptoms of both Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia.
Young-onset dementia
Dementia diagnosed in individuals under 65 is known as young-onset dementia (or early-onset dementia). This can include Alzheimer’s, FTD, or other types.
Key symptoms:
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Difficulties at work or in social settings.
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Changes in personality or emotional regulation.
Vascular dementia
Vascular dementia is the second most common type and occurs due to reduced blood flow to the brain, often following strokes or other vascular issues.
Key symptoms:
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Trouble with planning and decision-making.
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Problems with concentration and organisation.
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Physical symptoms such as unsteady gait.
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Frontotemporal dementia primarily affects younger adults, often those under the age of 65. It impacts the brain’s frontal and temporal lobes, leading to personality changes and language difficulties.
Key symptoms:
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Sudden mood changes or inappropriate behaviour.
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Challenges with speaking or understanding words.
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Loss of empathy or interest in social connections.
Alcohol-Related Brain Damage (ARBD)
Excessive alcohol consumption over a prolonged period can lead to alcohol-related brain damage, including conditions like Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s syndrome.
Key symptoms:
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Memory gaps or confabulation (filling in gaps with false memories).
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Lack of coordination or difficulty walking.
How Wellen Court, Schoen Clinic York can help
Understanding the type of dementia is only the first step. At Wellen Court, we provide:
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Personalised care plans: Tailored to each individual’s symptoms, preferences and life history.
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Therapeutic activities: Including art, music, and reminiscence therapy to enhance quality of life.
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Safe, comfortable environment: En-suite rooms designed for comfort and dignity.
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Expert team: A multidisciplinary team of dementia specialists, including carers, therapists and clinicians.
Frequently Asked Questions About Dementia
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How many types of dementia are there?
There are over 200 types of dementia. The most common are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.
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Can someone have more than one type of dementia?
Yes, mixed dementia is when someone has two or more types of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia.
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How is dementia diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically begins with a visit to a GP, who may refer the individual to a memory clinic for assessments, blood tests, and brain scans.
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Can dementia symptoms be managed?
While there is no cure, symptoms can often be managed with medication, therapies, and lifestyle changes.
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Can younger people get dementia?
Yes, dementia can occur in people under the age of 65, which is referred to as young-onset or early-onset dementia.
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What causes different types of dementia?
Each type of dementia has unique causes. For example, Alzheimer’s disease is linked to abnormal protein build-up in the brain, while vascular dementia results from reduced blood flow to the brain.
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How can I tell the difference between normal memory loss and dementia?
Normal memory changes with age involve occasional forgetfulness, but dementia is characterised by more severe symptoms that interfere with daily life, such as difficulty with problem-solving, confusion, and personality changes.
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Can dementia be prevented or delayed?
While there is no guaranteed way to prevent dementia, a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, staying socially and mentally active, and managing health conditions can reduce the risk.
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What treatments are available for dementia?
Treatment depends on the type of dementia but often includes medications to manage symptoms, therapies to improve quality of life, and support services for individuals and their families.
Reach out to our caring team in York today.
If your loved one has been diagnosed with dementia, we are here to help. Contact Wellen Court today to learn more about our specialist dementia care services or to arrange a friendly, no obligation tour of our home from home.
All assessments for care are complementary.
Treatment funding options accepted; NHS, Local Authority and privately funded patients.