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Panic attacks can be a terrifying experience. They can strike without warning, causing intense fear and physical symptoms that can be mistaken for a heart attack.
Panic disorder, on the other hand, is a condition characterised by recurrent panic attacks. It can significantly impact a person's quality of life, leading to constant worry and avoidance of situations that might trigger an attack.
This article aims to provide comprehensive information about panic attacks and panic disorder. We will delve into their causes, symptoms, and available treatments.
Whether you're experiencing panic attacks, diagnosed with panic disorder, or simply want to learn more, this article is for you. We hope that the information provided will help you understand these conditions better and guide you towards the right help if needed.
Contact our team in London if you need specialist private support for panic disorder.
Panic Attacks vs. Panic Disorder
Panic attacks and panic disorder are both related to anxiety. However, they are distinct conditions with different characteristics. Understanding these differences in panic attacks vs. panic disorder is essential for effective management and treatment.
A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions. These reactions can occur even when there is no real danger or apparent cause. Panic attacks can be very frightening and can happen at any time, day or night.
Panic attacks often include symptoms such as heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, and a feeling of impending doom. Despite their intensity, panic attacks are not life-threatening. However, they can be very distressing and significantly impact a person's quality of life.
What Is Panic Disorder?
Panic disorder is characterised by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. People with panic disorder live in fear of experiencing another panic attack.
They may also worry about the implications of the attack, such as losing control, having a heart attack, or "going crazy". This constant worry can lead to changes in behaviour, such as avoiding places or situations where they fear an attack might occur.
Panic disorder is a chronic condition that can affect a person's daily activities and quality of life. However, with the right treatment and support, it can be effectively managed.
Causes and Triggers of Panic Disorder
The exact cause of panic disorder is not known. However, research suggests that they are likely caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors:
If a close family member has the condition, you may be more likely to develop it. However, not everyone with a family history of panic disorder will experience panic attacks.
Environmental factors can also contribute to the onset of panic attacks. These may include major life changes, traumatic events, or high-stress situations.
Chronic health conditions or other mental health disorders can also increase the risk.
Stress is a common trigger for panic attacks. This can include everyday stressors, such as work pressure or relationship problems.
Psychological Symptoms of Panic Disorder
In addition to physical symptoms, panic disorder is also characterised by psychological symptoms. These can be just as distressing as the physical symptoms.
People with panic disorder often experience intense fear or discomfort during a panic attack. They may also have a fear of losing control or a sense of impending doom.
Other psychological symptoms can include a fear of dying, detachment from reality, or a feeling of being detached from oneself. These symptoms can be very distressing, but with the right treatment, they can be managed effectively.
Diagnosing Panic Disorder
Diagnosing panic disorder involves a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional. This usually includes a physical examination, a review of your medical history, and a mental health assessment.
The goal is to rule out other conditions that may be causing your symptoms. It's also important to determine if you have any co-occurring mental health conditions, such as depression or other anxiety disorders.
Once other conditions have been ruled out, your healthcare provider may use specific diagnostic criteria to diagnose panic disorder. This typically involves a detailed discussion about your symptoms, including their frequency, severity, and duration.
Panic Disorder Test and Severity Scale
One tool that healthcare providers may use to diagnose panic disorder is the panic disorder test. This is a questionnaire that asks about your symptoms and how they affect your daily life.
The panic disorder severity scale (PDSS) is another tool that may be used. This scale measures the severity of your panic disorder symptoms over the past week.
Both of these tools can provide valuable information to help your healthcare provider make an accurate diagnosis. They can also be used to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment plan as needed.
Treatment Options for Panic Disorder
There are several treatment options available for panic disorder. These include psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.
Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is often the first line of treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one type of psychotherapy that's particularly effective for panic disorder. Exposure therapy may also be beneficial.
Medication can also be helpful, especially for severe symptoms. There are several types of medication that can be used, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines.
Lifestyle changes and coping strategies can also play a crucial role in managing panic disorder. These can include regular exercise, relaxation techniques, and dietary changes.
Medication and Its Side Effects
Medication can be an effective part of treatment for panic disorder. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines are commonly used.
SSRIs can help to reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks. However, they can also have side effects, such as nausea, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction.
Benzodiazepines can provide immediate relief from acute symptoms of panic. But they can also lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms if used long-term.
Finding Help and Support for panic disorder in London
Is it time to seek treatment?
Don't hesitate to seek help if you're experiencing symptoms. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes. With the right treatment and support, you can manage your symptoms and lead a fulfilling life.
If you're based in London and struggling with panic disorder, know that help is available. Schoen Clinic Chelsea is home to a diverse team of panic disorder and anxiety specialists in London, offering an array of private panic disorder treatment and therapy options, including cognitive-behavioural therapy and exposure therapy.
Get in touch with the team to learn more or book an appointment.
Panic disorder can be a challenging condition to live with. But remember, it's treatable and you're not alone.
There are several online support groups and forums for panic disorder and anxiety. These include Anxiety UK and No Panic. Both offer peer support and resources. Websites like Mind and the Mental Health Foundation also offer a wealth of information about panic disorder and stories from people who have successfully managed their condition.
This article was reviewed by Dr Daniel Masud, Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea on 22/07/2024.